Publications (1994-present)

Cox, J. & Westbrook, R. F. (1994).  The NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 blocks acquisition and extinction of conditioned hypoalgesic responses in the rat. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47B, 187-210.

Foo, H., & Westbrook, R. F. (1994).  The form of the conditioned hypoalgesic response resulting from preexposure to a heat stressor depends on the pain test used.  Psychobiology, 22, 173-179.

Harris, J. A., & Westbrook, R. F. (1994).  Effects of midazolam and naloxone in rats tested for sensitivity/reactivity to formalin pain in a familiar, novel or aversively conditioned environment. Psychopharmacology, 115, 65-72.

Westbrook, R. F., Good, A. J., & Kiernan, M. J. (1994).  Effects of the interval between exposure to a novel environment and the occurrence of shock on the freezing responses of rats. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47B, 427-446.

Sachdev, P., Lonergan, C., & Westbrook, F. (1994).  Effects of prolonged treatment with haloperidol on "emotional" defecation and movement in rats in a well-habituated environment. Psychiatry Research, 54, 87-95.

McGregor, I. S., Lee, A. M., & Westbrook, R. F. (1994).  Stress-induced changes in respiratory quotient, energy expenditure and locomotor activity in rats: effects of midazolam. Psychopharmacology, 116, 475-482.

Kiernan, M. J., Westbrook, R. F., & Cranney, J. (1995). Immediate shock, passive avoidance, and potentiated startle: implications for the unconditioned response to shock. Animal Learning and Behavior,  23, 22-30.

Abbott, F. V., Franklin, K. B. J., & Westbrook, R. F.  (1995). The Formalin Test: scoring properties of the first and second phases of the pain response in rats. Pain, 60, 91-102.

Harris, J. A., & Westbrook, R. F. (1995) Effects of a benzodiazepine microinjection into the amygdala or periaqueductal grey on conditioned hypoalgesic and fear responses. Behavioral Neuroscience, 109, 295-304

Harris, J. A., Westbrook, R. F., Duffield, T., & Bentivoglio, M. (1995). Fos expression in the spinal cord is suppressed in rats displaying conditioned hypoalgesia. Behavioral Neuroscience, 109, 320-328.

Good, A. J. & Westbrook, R. F. (1995). Effects of a microinjection of morphine into the amygdala upon the acquisition and expression of hypoalgesic and fear responses in the rat. Behavioral Neuroscience, 109, 631-641.

Westbrook, R. F., Duffield, T. Q., Halligan, S., Good, A. J., Seth, A., & Swinbourne, A. L. (1995) The extinction of within-event learning is contextually controlled and subject  to renewal. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48B, 357-375.

Slotnick, B. M., Westbrook, R. F., & Darling, F. M. C. (1995). Odor and taste aversion learning. In R. Apfelbach, D. Muller-Schwarze, K. Reutter and E. Weiller (Eds.), Chemical Signals in vertebrates V11. (pp.465-472) NY: Pergamon.

Harris, J. A., & Westbrook, R. F. (1996). Midazolam impairs the acquisition of conditioned analgesia if rats are tested with an acute but not a chronic noxious stimulus. Brain Research Bulletin, 39, 227-233.

Boakes, R. A., Westbrook, R. F., Elliot, M., & Swinbourne, A. L. (1997). Context dependency of conditioned aversions to water and sweet tastes. Jourmal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 23, 56-67.

Slotnick, B. M., Westbrook, R. F., & Darling, F. M. C. (1997) What the rat’s nose tells the rat’s mouth: Long delay aversion conditioning with aqueous odors and potentiation of taste by odors. Animal Learning and Behavior, 25, 357-369.

Westbrook, R. F., Good, A. J., & Kiernan, M. J. (1997). A microinjection of morphine into the accumbens nucleus impairs contextual learning in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 111, 996-1013.

Brown, R. F., Jackson, G. D. F., Martin, T., & Westbrook, R. F. (1997). Bacterial lipopolysaccharides induce peripheral nerve disturbances in rats that mimic human immune-mediated polyneuropathies. Laboratory Animal Science, 47, 354-361.

Vollmer-Conna, U., Wakefield, D., Lloyd, A., Hickie, I., Lemon, J., Bird, K. D., & Westbrook, R. F. (1997). Cognitive impairments in patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome, acute infective illness, and depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 377-381.

Harris, J. A., & Westbrook, R. F. (1998). Benzodiazepine-induced amnesia: Re-instatement of conditioned performance by noxious stimulation on test. Behavioral Neuroscience, 112, 183-192.

Killcross, A. S., Kiernan, M. J., Dwyer, D., & Westbrook, R. F. (1998) Effects of retention interval on latent inhibition and perceptual learning.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51B, 59-75.

Killcross, A. S., Kiernan, M. J., Dwyer. D., & Westbrook, R. F. (1998) Loss of latent inhibition of contextual conditioning following non-reinforced context exposure in rats. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51B, 75-90.

Koch, C. J., & Westbrook, R. F. (1998). Is the basolateral complex of the amygdala of critical importance for within-event learning?  In H. Lachni, A. Jacobs, & F. Rosler (Eds.), Experimentelle Psychologie, (p. 188). Lengerich: Pabst.

McNally, G. P., & Westbrook, R. F. (1998).  Effects of systemic, intracerebral or intrathecal administration of an N-Methyl- d- Aspartate antagonist on associative morphine analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia in rats.  Behavioral Neuroscience,112, 966-978.

Harris, J. A., & Westbrook, R. F. (1998).  Retrospective revaluation of an odor-taste association.  Animal Learning & Behavior, 26, 326-335.

McNally, G. P., & Westbrook, R. F. (1998).  Test type influences the expression of illness-induced hyperalgesia. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 61, 385-394.

Harris, J. A., & Westbrook, R. F. (1998).  Evidence that GABA transmission mediates context-specific extinction of learned fear.  Psychopharmacology,140, 105-115.

Harris, J. A., & Westbrook, R. F. (1999).  The benzodiazepine midazolam does not  impair Pavlovian fear conditioning but regulates when and where that fear is expressed. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 25, 236-246.

Brown, R. F., Jackson, G. D. F., Martin, T., Westbrook, R. F., Pollard, J. D., & Westland, K. W. (1999).  Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces a conduction block in the sciatic nerves of rats. Laboratory Animal Science, 49, 62-69.

Richardson, R., Duffield, T. Q., Bailey, G. K., & Westbrook, R. F. (1999).  Reinstatement of fear to an extinguished conditioned context. Animal Learning & Behavior, 27, 399-415.

McNally, G. P., Gorrisen, M. C., Low, L. F., Westbrook, R. F. (1999). Effects of contextual cues paired with footshock or illness on behavior and pain sensitivity in the rat. Animal Learning & Behavior, 27, 416-425.

Haralambous, T., & Westbrook, R. F. (1999).  An intra-accumbal infusion of bupivacane disrupts the acquisition but not the expression of contextual fear conditioning. Behavioral Neuroscience, 113, 925-940

Harris, J. A., Gorrissen, M. C., Bailey, G. K., & Westbrook, R. F. (2000). Motivational state regulates the contents of learned flavour preferences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 26, 15-30

Westbrook, R. F., Jones, M., Bailey, G. K., & Harris, J. A. (2000). Contextual control over conditioned responding in a latent inhibition paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior processes, 26, 157-173.

Harris, J. A., Bailey, G. K., Jones, M., & Westbrook, R. F. (2000). Contextual control over conditioned responding in an extinction paradigm.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 26, 174-185.

McNally, G. P., & Westbrook, R. F. (2000). Acute exposure to saccharin reduces morphine analgesia in the rat: evidence for involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and peripheral opioid receptors. Psychopharmacology, 149, 56-62.

McNally, G. P., Johnston, I. N., & Westbrook, R. F. (2000). A peripheral, intracerebral, or intrathecal administration of an opioid receptor antagonist blocks illness-induced hyperalgesia in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 114, 1183-1190.

Harris, J. A., & Westbrook, R. F. (2001). Contextual control over the expression of fear in rats conditioned under a benzodiazepine. Psychopharmacology, 156, 92-97.

Westbrook, R. F., Iordanova, M., McNally, G., Richardson, R., & Harris, J. A. (2002). Reinstatement of fear to an extinguished conditioned stimulus: Two roles for context. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 28, 97-110.

McNally, G., & Westbrook, R. F. (2003). Temporally-graded, context-specific retrograde amnesia and its alleviation by context pre-exposure: effects of post-conditioning exposures to morphine in the rat. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 29, 130-142.

Johnston, I., & Westbrook, R. F. (2003). Acute and conditioned sickness reduces morphine analgesia. Behavioural Brain Research, 142, 89-97.

McNally, G., & Westbrook, R. F. (2003). Anterograde amnesia for Pavlovian fear conditioning and the role of one-trial overshadowing: effects of pre-conditioning exposures to morphine in the rat. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 29, 222-232.

Johnston, I., & Westbrook, R. F. (in press). Inhibition of morphine analgesia by lithium: Role of peripheral and central opioid receptors. Behavioral Brain Research.

Nakamura, T., Croft, D. B., & Westbrook, R. F. (in press). Domestic pigeons (Columba livia) discriminate between photographs of individual pigeons. Learning & Behavior.

McNally, G., & Westbrook, R. F. (2003). Opioid receptors regulate the extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Behavioral Neuroscience.

McNally, G. P., & Westbrook, R. F. (2003). Temporally-graded, context-specific retrograde amnesia and its alleviation by context pre-exposure: effects of post-conditioning exposures to morphine in the rat. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 29, 130-142.

Johnston, I., & Westbrook, R. F. (2003). Acute and conditioned sickness reduces morphine analgesia. Behavioral Brain Research, 142, 89 - 97

McNally, G. P., & Westbrook, R. F. (2003). Anterograde amnesia for Pavlovian fear conditioning and the role of one-trial overshadowing: effects of pre-conditioning exposures to morphine in the rat. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 29, 222-232.

Nakamura, T., Croft, D. B., & Westbrook, R. F. (2003). Domestic pigeons (Columbia livia) discriminate between photographs of individual pigeons. Learning & Behavior, 31, 307 - 317.

McNally, G. P., & Westbrook, R. F. (2003). Opioid receptors regulate the extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Behavioral Neuroscience, 117, 1292-1301.

Johnston, I., & Westbrook, R. F. (2003). Inhibition of morphine analgesia by lithium: Role of peripheral and central opioid receptors. Behavioral Brain Research, 151, 151-158.

Westbrook, R. F. (2003). Towards an understanding of fear. Dialogue, 22, 25-30.

Nakamura, T., Croft, D. B., & Westbrook, R. F. (2003). Domestic pigeons (Columbia livia) discriminate between photographs of individual pigeons. Learning & Behavior, 31, 307 - 317.

Harris, J. A., Shand, F. L., Carroll, L. Q., & Westbrook, R. F. (2004). Persistence of preference for a flavor presented in simultaneous compound with sucrose. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 30, 177 - 189.

Johnston, I., & Westbrook, R. F. (2005). Inhibition of morphine analgesia by LPS: Role of opioid and NMDA receptors and spinal glia. Behavioral Brain Research, 156, 75-83.

Morris, R. W., Furlong, T. M., & Westbrook, R. F. (2005). Recent exposure to a dangerous context impairs extinction and reinstates lost fear reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior processes, 31, 40 - 55.

Blatchford, K. E., Diamond, K., Westbrook, R. F., & McNally, G. P. (2005). Increased vulnerability to stress following opiate exposures: Behavioral and autonomic correlates. Behavioral Neuroscience, 119, 1034 – 1041.

Morris, R.W., Westbrook, R. F., & Killcross, A. S. (2005). Reinstatement of extinguished fear by beta -adrenergic arousal elicited by a conditioned context. Behavioral Neuroscience, 119. 1662-1671.

Bouton, M. E., Westbrook, R. F., Corcoran, K., & Maren, S. (2006). Contextual and temporal modulation of extinction: behavioural and biological mechanisms. Biological Psychiatry, 60, 352 – 360.

McNally, G. P. & Westbrook, R. F. (2006). A short inter trial interval facilitates acquisition of context conditioned fear and a short retention interval facilitates its expression. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 32, 164-172

Schwienbacher, I., Fendt, M., Schnitzler, H-U., Westbrook, R. F., & Richardson, R. (2006). Carbachol injections into the nucleus accumbens disrupt acquisition and expression of fear-potentiated startle and freezing in rats. Neuroscience, 140, 769 - 778

Iordanova, M. D., McNally, G. P., & Westbrook, R. F. (2006). Opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens regulate attentional learning in the blocking paradigm. The Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 45036 - 4045

McNally, G. P., & Westbrook, R. F. (2006). Predicting danger: the nature, consequences, and neural mechanisms of predictive fear learning. Learning & Memory, 13, 245 – 253.

Iordanova, M., D., Westbrook, R. F., & Killcross, A. S. (2006). Dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens modulates blocking in fear conditioning. European Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 3265-3270.

Nakamura, T., Westbrook, R. F., Croft, D. B., & Ito, M. (2007). Domestic pigeons (Columba livia) discriminate between photographs of male and female Pigeons. Learning & Behavior, 34, 327-339.

Leung, H. T., Bailey, G. K., Laurent, V., Westbrook, R. F. (2007). Rapid reacquisition of fear to a completely extinguished context is replaced by transient impairment with additional extinction training. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 33, 299-313.

Bailey, G. K., & Westbrook, R. F. (2007). Within-event learning is disrupted by social isolation immediately after compound exposure. Behavioural Brain Research, 178, 313-316.

Shavit, Y., Wolf, G., Johnston, I. N., Westbrook, R. F., Watkins, L. R., & Yirmiya, R. (2007). Proinflammatory cytokines modulate neuropathic pain, opioid analgesia, and opioid tolerance. In J. A. DeLeo, L. S. Sorkin, & L. R. Watkins (Eds.), Immune and glial regulation of pain. International Association for the Study of Pain (pp.361-382).

Bailey. G. K., & Westbrook, R. F. (in press). Latent inhibition and extinction of within-event learning are context specific. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes.

Mitchell, C. J., Harris, J. A., Westbrook, R. F., & Griffiths, O. (in press). Changes in cue associability across training in human causal learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes,

Thein, T., Westbrook, R. F., & Harris, J. A. (in press). How the associative strengths of stimuli combine in compound: summation and overshadowing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes.

Li, S. H., & Westbrook, R. F. (in press). Massed extinction trials produce better short-term but worse long-term loss of context conditioned fear responses than spaced trials. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes.

Current Grants

Westbrook, R. F. (2001 - 2003). Neural substrates for learned tolerance to morphine analgesia and hyperalgesia in the rat. Australian Research Council Large.

Westbrook, R. F. (2002 - 2004). The role of context in the acquisition, extinction and reinstatement of learned fear. Australian Research Council Discovery.

Westbrook, R. F. & McNally, G. (2002 - 2004). Increased vulnerability to stress during opiate dependence: Molecular, anatomical, and behavioural correlates. National Health and Medical Research Council.

Harris, J. A., & Westbrook, R. F. (2004 - 2006). Associative mechanisms underlying latent inhibition and extinction. Australian Research Council Discovery.

Westbrook, R, F. Carrive, P., & Richardson, R. (2004 - 2006). The inhibition of fear memories in the rat: a neural analysis. National Health and Medical Research Council.

Westbrook, R. F. (2005 – 2007) The neural substrates of attentional learning in Pavlovian conditioning. Australian Research Council Discovery project.

Harris, J. A., & Westbrook, R. F. (2007 – 2009). Stimulus representation in associative learning: Testing a new computational theory. Australian Research Council Discovery project.

Westbrook, R. F. & Harris, J. A. (2007 – 2009). The extinction of conditioned fear and its implications for cue exposure therapy. National Health & Medical Research Council.

Westbrook, R. F. (2008 – 210). The Role of Prediction Error in Extinction. Australian Research Council Discovery project.